I am under the impression that when the A/C clutch is disengaged the compressor does not turn.

That makes the clutch assembly a fixed pulley. Soooo, if you disconnect the plug on the clutch and you still have all the noises you reference there are two possibilities remaining.
1. The clutch assembly is near toast
or
2. The noise is coming from someplace else.

A clutch assembly is under $100.
Pulling the plug is free.

Finding the someplace else is another story.

BTW I am guessing the unconstant was intended to mean inconsistant.

Old School: Back when my hair was short and I had some, all the cool car guys used long Phillips screwdrivers as a stethoscope. We were careful to wipe the grease off the handle before we stuck it in our ear.